A 2005 north-south peace deal ended Africa's longest civil war and promised southerners a referendum on secession. The vote on January 9 is likely to create the world's newest nation.
Millions of southerners fled north to escape fighting during the decades of conflict. Ahead of the vote, tens of thousands have already sold up in the north and made the difficult return journey south, drawn by promises of a better life and driven by fears about their citizenship rights in a divided Sudan.
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